2. In 588 BCE, Gaul consisted of some(prenominal) states with different ethnic origins (Hanford 12-27). The Greeks and Romans called all these nations Celts or Gauls. In the guerrilla century, mass migrations from Germanic tribes had begun for reasons which remain unclear, and Marius had overpowered the Teutones and Cimbri. In Caesar's time, it was feared that if the Gallic states did not become Roman, they would be overrun by Germans, who would go on to attack Italy. Caesar originally set out to earmark not Gaul, but Rumania, because of its abundance of precious metals. However, the migration of the Helvetians, a confederation of tribes in modern Switzerland, forced him to consider deuce campaigns in the north (Hanford 28-57). The Helvetians had migrated to southwest France, passing through Roman territories, which was unsatisfactory to Romans. Caesar saw an opportunity to impress the Senate and People's Assembly by defeating the Germans who were fight the Aedui, a Gallic tribe friendly to Rome.
Caesar's military source was the lower Rhone valley, and he destroyed the bridge at geneva and blocked the road along the Rhone, slowing down the Helvetian come out (Hanford 28-57). He led his army across the Alps and recruited two extra legions. He thwarted the helvetians when they tried to cross the Saone in July, and again in August unspoilt
3. Having becharmed Gaul, Caesar tried to maintain his position legally, but when the Optimates tried to undercut his rule short, he sailed to the east, and quickly advanced on Rome, Pompey beingness away in Spain. Caesar declared himself dictator in 49 BCE, and ruled with clemency, neither executing anyone, nor confiscating property (Meier 367-381). Caesar followed Pompey, who had established himself in Greece, but he then fled to Egypt, where Caesar followed and was handed Pompey's head in 48 BCE. He met Cleopatra, and helped her take her place on the locoweed of Egypt (Meier 402-413). By 47 BCE, he had defeated the Egyptian army, and move through Asia Minor to settle disturbances there.
He returned to Rome, the went on to Africa to defeat the Optimates who had fled there (Meier 420-429). In 45 BCE, the sons of Pompey led a freak out in Spain, and Caesar traveled there to quell the rebellion. In 44 BCE, Caesar was named dictator perpetuus at the feast of Lupercalia. On March 15, 44 BCE, Caesar attended a meeting of the Senate, and was stabbed 23 times by a group of conspirators led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Brutus Albinus, and Gaius Trebonius.
Caesar spent the overwinter in Cisalpine Gaul, giving instructions to Piso in Rome, and compose the first part of his Commentary on the War in Gaul explaining why he had to attack the rest of Gaul. During this time, the Federal tribes, known as Belgians, formed an anti-Roman coalition, which gave Caesar more excuse to conquer all of Gaul (Hanford 58-73). In the spring of 57 BCE, he raised two more legions and attacked the Belgian nation of the Remi, who lived near modern Reims, and prevented them from joining the other Belgians in an attack on the Romans, and they joined Caesar instead. The Belgians attacked a Remian town on the river Aisne, but were defeated by Caesar, who then struck the Belgians at Nervians, west of the river Schelde in modern Flanders. Along the Meuse, he attacked
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